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MLA 9th Edition Guide

This is a research guide that details the rules and stipulations for MLA formatting.

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MLA 9th Edition Citation and Formatting Guide

The Basics for an MLA Paper - A Quick Tutorial

Based on MLA Handbook Ninth Edition

This guide was created by the Watson-Griffith Library using the MLA Handbook Ninth Edition.  This book is available in the library for additional reference.  The guide here is a basic overview, so please consult the book or ask a librarian for guidance in citing anything not covered here.

Always follow your instructor's guidelines, even if that seems contradictory to what you see here. 

Since this guide is greatly simplified, if you can't find information you need here, consider visiting The Purdue OWL, which creates guides that can be helpful.  Their guide for MLA 9 can be found at:  https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/.

MLA Handbook. 9th ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2021.

Core Elements

In your Works Cited page, you will create each entry using nine common elements that can be found in most works, following the order below (and with the punctuation noted below; however, the last element will always be followed by a period).  Provide as much information as is available and simply omit/skip any missing elements.

  1. Author.
  2. Title of source.
  3. Title of container,   (see below for an explanation of what a container is)
  4. Other contributors,
  5. Version,
  6. Number,
  7. Publisher,
  8. Publication date,
  9. Location.

#4, Other contributors - often refers to editors or translators.  See the tab on this Guide entitled "Authors, Editors, Translators, & Publishers" for additional information.

#9, Location - is often the page number(s) or the url for sources accessed online.

Beware Citation Tools

Most of the library's online databases feature tools to help you create your citation.  For example, in EBSCO databases, click on the "Cite" tool button.

These tools can certainly help you get started, but be careful to always double-check your citation.  When this guide was created, none of these tools provided citation formats for MLA version 9 (only version 8), and very often, these database citation tools make mistakes, such as using the wrong punctuation or not capitalizing all of the important words in a title. 

When in doubt, ask a librarian for help.

Formatting Your Paper

  • Times New Roman, 12-point font
  • Double-spaced
  • One inch margins all around
  • Header - contains your last name and the page number (including page 1) in the upper right corner of the paper (use the header section in a word processing program like Word or Google Docs and use the "Insert Page Number" feature so that the page numbers auto-update.)
  • Insert only one space between your sentences.